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Streptococcus:

Streptococcus is a is a genus of coccus (spherical) Gram-positive bacteria and they grow in chains or pairs. Most are oxidase-negative and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes.

CLASSIFICATION:

Species of Streptococcus are classified based on their hemolytic properties.

• Alpha-hemolytic streptococci

  • These cause oxidization of iron in hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells, giving it a greenish color on blood agar.
  • These include following:
    • S. Pneumoniae
    • S. Viridans

• Beta-hemolytic streptococci

  • These causes complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent.
  • They produce an exotoxin called Streptolysin which is of 2 types.
    • Streptolysin O
    • Streptolysin S
  • These include following:
    • S. Pyogenes 
    • S. Agalactiae
    • S. Zooepidemicus
    • S. Bovis
    • S. Equinus
    • S. Sanguinis
    • S. Suis
    • S. Mitis
    • S. Mutans
    • S. pneumoniae

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